Modules¶

The module lookup paths¶

To search for modules, the interpreter will first look at the corresponding file in the lookup paths. The interpreter will then search in the list of its builtin modules (such as csv, charset, datetime). User modules therefore always have priority over builtin modules.

By default, the lookup paths contains a single folder. It varies depending on how you run Hexaly:

• When using Hexaly Modeler from the command line (with the hexaly program), the folder containing the main script supplied from the command line is considered as the lookup path, regardless of the current execution folder. So, when you call the following script hexaly c:\hexaly\examples\toy\toy.hxm, the lookup path is initialized to the folder c:\hexaly\examples\toy\.

• When using Hexaly Studio, the root of your workspace is considered the only lookup path, regardless of the path to the HXM file or dashboard you’re running.

• When using the Hexaly Modeler APIs (in Python, C#, Java or C++), the lookup path is initialized to your program’s current execution folder.

Create a module¶

A module is automatically created for each HXM file loaded by the interpreter. To create a new user module, simply create a new HXM file. The file must be placed in the same folder as your main HXM file. The filename without extension and path will be used as the module name. It is also possible to place your new HXM files in different folders, using compound module names as shown below.

As the file name is used as the module name, it must comply with Hexaly Modeler rules on identifiers: the name must begin with a letter or the underscore character, followed by a list of alphanumeric characters (letters, numbers or underscore). An exception is made for the main program used as an entry point. This is the only HXM file that is not imported using a use directive. Consequently, its name is free.

For instance, in the example tree below, if the $main.hxm file is your program’s entry point, then the foobar.hxm file is a module that can be loaded from your main program under the name foobar:

/
|- $main.hxm
|- foobar.hxm

You can create or load as many modules as you like, as long as the module name is unique throughout your program.

Import a module¶

To import a module into your program, simply use the use keyword followed by the module name. The module is then exposed as a global variable, accessible from anywhere in your program.

Use statements should be placed at the top of your program, after any pragma declarations but before the first class or function declarations.

Using the example given above, you can import the foobar module from your $main.hxm file as follows:

use foobar;

function main() {
    println("Greetings from another module:");
    foobar.sayHelloWorld();
}

Rename a module¶

When you import a module, a global variable with the same name is automatically created in your program. If this name conflicts with one of your variables, or if you find the name too long, you can change the variable name using the keyword as as shown below:

// Declare a new global variable "geo" and initialize it with the module geodata
use geodata as geo;

function input() {
    geo.computeMatrix(...);
}

Import specific functions or classes of a module¶

It is also possible to import specific functions and classes of a module directly into the current namespace using the following syntax:

use serialize, parse from json;

The previous example imports serialize and parse functions into the current namespace. To use it, you no longer need to prefix the functions with the module name (here json), thus shortening the syntax. serialize or parse can be used in the same way as if you had programmed them in the current module.

Note, however, that functions and classes imported that way behave as if they had remained in their original module. They therefore only have access to their original global variables and have no access to the variables of the module into which they are imported, unless explicitely passed.

Just like the complete module, you can also rename imported functions or classes using the as keyword, as in the example below:

use serializer, parse as parseJson from json;

Modules located in sub-folders¶

Until now, imported modules were either builtin-modules, or modules located at the root of lookup paths (i.e. the folder containing the main script, the current execution folder or the current workspace, depending on how you call Hexaly).

But it is also possible to import modules located in subfolders of the lookup paths. To do this, you can create as many sub-folders as you like in your lookup-paths and place your HXM files in them.

To import them, you’ll then need to write a compound module name. A compound module name is a sequence of valid Hexaly Modeler identifiers separated by a dot. Each intermediate identifier represents the name of one of the sub-folders. The last identifier is the name of the HXM file.

For example, if you place a file named ducks.hxm in a birds folder which is itself in an animals folder, like this:

animals/
  |- birds/
    |- ducks.hxm

The full module name will be animals.birds.ducks. Unlike simple module names, modules with compound names must be renamed with the keyword as. It is not possible to import them directly:

use animals.birds.ducks; // will throw an error
use animals.birds.ducks as ducks; // ok

Note that although the syntax animals.birds.ducks seems to indicate that module ducks is a sub-module of birds, this is not the case. There is no notion of sub-modules with Hexaly Modeler. In the example above, there is only one module with a compound name. Keep in mind that each module is independent of the others, regardless of their organization in the computer’s folders.